Five types of inventory of new energy automotive batteries

Five types of inventory of new energy automotive batteries

First, the lead-acid batteries

Lead-acid battery as a relatively mature technology, because of its low cost, high-rate discharge and can still only available for mass production of electric vehicle batteries. Beijing Olympic Games, there are 20 electric vehicles using lead-acid batteries, to provide transport services for the Olympic Games.

However, the ratio of lead-acid battery energy, specific power and energy density are very low, as a power source for electric vehicles can not have good speed and mileage.

Second, the nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery

Although the performance is better than lead-acid batteries, but contains heavy metals, the use of abandoned after the cause of environmental pollution.

Nickel-hydrogen battery has just entered the mature stage, is currently used in hybrid electric vehicle battery system verified by the only real commercial, large-scale battery system, the existing hybrid battery market share of 99% nickel-hydrogen batteries, commercial representative is the Toyota Prius. The world's major automotive battery manufacturers are Japan PEVE and Sanyo, PEVE Hybrid electric cars take the global nickel metal hydride battery with 85% market share, currently the main commercial hybrid vehicles such as Toyota Prius, Alphard and Estima, and the Honda Civic, Insight all adopts PEVE nickel-hydrogen batteries. In China, Chang'an Jie Xun, Chery A5, FAW Pentium, Grand Hyatt and other GM brand cars have been run in the model, they are also used in nickel-metal hydride batteries, but batteries are purchasing from abroad, domestic nickel-metal hydride batteries in the car match is still in development stages of use.

Third, the lithium battery

The traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery technology itself is relatively mature, but they are used in car batteries as a power then there is a big problem. Currently, more and more car manufacturers to choose energy lithium batteries as a new car battery.

Because the lithium-ion battery has the following advantages: high voltage (nickel-cadmium batteries hydrogen - nickel batteries 3 times); than the energy large (up to 165WH / kg, nickel-hydrogen battery is 3 times); small size; quality of light ; long cycle life; self-discharge rate is low; no memory effect; no pollution.

At present, many well-known car manufacturers are working to develop lithium battery powered vehicles such as Ford, Chrysler, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Hyundai, France Courreges, Ventury and so on. The domestic auto maker BYD, Geely, Chery, Lifan, ZTE and other car firms also have their own hybrid and pure electric vehicle powered by lithium batteries.

Currently impeding the development of lithium-ion battery power is the bottleneck: safety performance and vehicle power battery management system. Security, since the lithium-ion battery with energy density, high temperature, poor working conditions and other reasons, coupled with the safety of people-oriented concept, so the user of the battery made a very high security requirements. Vehicle power battery management system, since the vehicle power battery voltage is 12V or 24V, and a single lithium-ion battery voltage is 3.7V, so must the number of cells in series and increase the voltage, but difficult to achieve due to the battery completely homogeneous charge and discharge, leading to a number of battery packs in series within a single battery charge and discharge occur imbalance, deficiencies and charge the battery will appear the phenomenon of over-discharge, and this situation will lead to a sharp deterioration in battery performance, and ultimately lead to the entire group of cells does not work, or even scrapped, thus significantly affect battery life and reliability.

Fourth, lithium iron phosphate battery

Lithium iron phosphate is a lithium battery, the specific energy less than half of lithium cobalt oxide, but its safe, can reach 2000 times the number of cycles, discharge stability, cheap, a new car with power options.

BYD's "iron battery", the industry believe that it is more likely to lithium iron phosphate.

Fifth, the fuel cell

In short, the fuel cell (Fuel Cell) is a fuel and oxidizer will be present in the chemical energy directly into electrical energy generating device. Fuel and air are sent to the fuel cell, electricity was wonderfully produced. It has positive and negative point of view from the outside and the electrolyte, such as a battery, but in fact it can not "reserve power" but a "power plant."

The most likely is for automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Its working principle is: the hydrogen to the anode, through the catalyst (platinum), the role of hydrogen atoms in the two electrons are separated, the two electrons in the cathode, attracted by the external circuit to generate current, the loss of hydrogen electrons ions (protons) to pass through the proton exchange membrane (ie, solid electrolyte), in the cathode and oxygen atoms and electrons recombine to water. Because oxygen can be obtained from the air, just keep to the negative supply of hydrogen, and in a timely manner the water (steam) away, the fuel cell can continue to provide electricity.

Because the fuel cell the chemical energy of fuel directly into electricity, in the middle without burning process, and thus not subject to Carnot cycle restrictions. Current fuel cell system fuel - energy conversion efficiency of 45% to 60%, while the efficiency of thermal power and nuclear power in about 30% to 40%.

Development of new energy automotive batteries

Gasgoo that: the development of new energy vehicles, nickel metal hydride battery technology the most mature in the next 3 years will remain the mainstream of new energy vehicles, followed by nickel-metal hydride battery technology and lithium iron phosphate, hydrogen fuel cells one-third of the world, 5 years will gradually be replaced by lithium batteries and fuel cells.

Other Electronics News:

 

+ نوشته شده در دوشنبه بیست و ششم اردیبهشت ۱۳۹۰ ساعت 2:34 توسط Ben Kerr  | 

Europe needs more than 16% conversion efficiency of solar cells

Europe needs more than 16% conversion efficiency of solar cells

As demand gradually warmed, the European market for solar cell conversion efficiency requirement is rising, many solar-cell factory that recently some European customer requirements, conversion efficiency of polycrystalline solar cells must be above 16% ~ 16.2%, conversion rate This will gradually be classified under the low regulatory products.

Part of the solar-cell factory that always requires high-quality European market, the recent conversion efficiency of solar cells required to enhance the movement of 15.8%% from the previous standard of about 16% jumped to 16.2% or more.

The industry believes, resulting in conversion efficiency of solar cells in addition to upgrading the main reason for upgrading product quality, the lack of polysilicon than in the past, the case of lower mixing of pure silicon can promote conversion efficiency is also a factor.

In 2009, the number of solar cell industry to actively enhance the conversion efficiency of solar cells, including polycrystalline, monocrystalline solar cells, respectively, to challenge the 17% and 18% conversion efficiency goals, is expected in the second half will also be introduced into mass production, but because each companies use different techniques to try to cross the threshold of the conversion efficiency, if the production will produce different results, rather than the majority of practitioners can be successful production companies.

Production of solar cells to industry sources, in addition to efficiency improvement, the production costs of the assessment is considered the most important part, if invested large sums of money, manpower and equipment was increased by 1% conversion efficiency, but not in the short term the effective recovery of costs, then does not mean that effectively improves the conversion efficiency.

Other Electronics News:

 

+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه بیستم اردیبهشت ۱۳۹۰ ساعت 0:31 توسط Ben Kerr  | 

Case of cold lithium batteries power the development of new energy vehicles

Case of cold lithium batteries power the development of new energy vehicles

Starting from July 1, "new energy automobile manufacturing companies and product access management rules" into effect. New rules has caused an uproar in the market: Prior to the loudest voices were included in the development of lithium battery car, not a large-scale promotion of the column. That is, to be Buffett's bullish market is also favorable for the lithium battery electric vehicles lost in the nickel-metal hydride battery hybrid hands!

Has just enacted a new access system to the December 31, 2010 apply, with the Development and Reform Commission published in 2007 compared to the standard, the Ministry of the standards set for new energy vehicles for the three technical phases of the products of fine of.

The new access system for different types of new energy development and operation of the car give a more clearly defined. "This marks China's new energy standards for admittance into the speed of the automobile industry." Industry experts said.

Gengrang industry is surprising is that a new regulation, "use of lead-acid battery hybrid passenger cars, pure electric passenger cars and electric commercial vehicles, and the use of nickel metal hydride-powered hybrid vehicle to be classified as mature of the product.

All of a sudden, the market in an uproar: Prior to the loudest voices were included in the development of lithium battery car, not a large-scale promotion of the column. That is, to be Buffett's bullish market is also favorable for the lithium battery electric vehicles lost in the nickel-metal hydride battery hybrid hands!

Ministry of Industry and Energy why the introduction of such a new vehicle development roadmap? This road map will eventually not be a new energy industry restructuring in China's best "catalyst"? Could help China to catch the express train to achieve new energy unconventional beyond?

Who will lead the new energy vehicles

Nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium batteries, the future of new energy vehicles in China who will lead?

Investment Advisor in the new energy automotive industry researcher Li Sheng-mao said the new energy vehicles in the current lithium battery powered cars the most promising prospects, but the Ministry of Industry standard is not conducive to the development of lithium car popularization in the country, further that this may be tied China's new energy automotive industry as a whole.

Ministry of Industry was optimistic about the Ni-MH battery itself there are some shortcomings. China Electrotechnical Society of electric vehicles IPCC Technical Services Center Director Wang Tianshun also said that while rich in hydrogen storage materials in China, but the extraction technology is not high, the battery pack consistency is poor, there has been no breakthrough in technical issues, and the cost of NiMH batteries has been among the high-high.

The new energy vehicles in the last week, after the introduction of access rules, China's new lithium battery of the biggest energy industry "players" in the face of BYD reporter's interview, said "no comment." But then, this reporter learned exclusively, BYD is committed to the commercialization of electric vehicles has been quietly speed. According to company executives informed sources, is expected to sell about 30 million in BYD E6 electric car was declared the national directory, is expected to be available by the end of this year, at the same time, the other a dual-mode electric vehicle F3DM also identified 9 this year sales to private consumers began March. "We will be 13 major cities nationwide to sell, our DM models last year, the Ministry of Industry had entered the car production directory. The current major automotive investment in mainland China, has completed construction of 80 million production capacity."

Access around the new rules, the trade debate has become two distinct voices:

The first one, represented by Lee Sheng-mao. He pointed out that under the new standards, the country has listed BYD dual-mode electric vehicle, belonging to lithium car, although you can mass production, but only in approved areas within the sales of used products, which greatly limits their product comprehensive promotion. The Chang'an Jie Xun, Chery A5, FAW Pentium, Grand Hyatt, and most common brand of HEV cars are used in nickel-metal hydride batteries used in sales nationwide. Clearly, countries such decision to the state-owned auto companies in the group tilt.

The second expert opinion is that the new access rules shows that countries are more pragmatic policy approach.

Deputy Secretary-General with the United National by Choi Dong-tree that the "rules of the new access point of view, that national policy is pragmatic, not anxious to aggressive. Before we are all optimistic about the lithium, but in fact, before any major development breakthroughs. Lithium must also need to break the current nationwide right time. The nickel-metal hydride battery time is ripe for the promotion, the cost of nickel-hydrogen, hybrid performance to meet the basic needs of dynamic product mix significantly more mature. "

It is reported that the release of a new standard for the technology phase of new energy vehicles, divided into initial stage of development, mature stage of the three different techniques. Product is the start of fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen cars engine vehicle and dimethyl ether. Development of products, including lithium-ion battery powered hybrid passenger cars, commercial vehicles, as well as pure electric vehicles. Mature product is a clear path to the realization of technical principles, product technology and production technology is mature, national and industry standards basically complete, you can enter the industrial stage of the product. Lead-acid battery production hybrid passenger cars, pure electric passenger vehicles and pure electric commercial vehicles.

It is clear that products are maturing faster "on the road."

In this regard, Li Sheng-mao that "lithium-ion powered vehicles, only the approved area, scope, terms and conditions, sale and use." The new regulations will significantly impact the pace of development of lithium battery car, and to a certain extent, affected car prices on the lithium battery research and development of automotive enthusiasm, is not conducive to the development of lithium batteries automotive industry.

Ni-MH battery easier to promote

After investigation, the reporter found, become the new darling of the nickel-metal hydride batteries, has a unique advantage.

It is, at present, only one place in Guangdong, more than 100 nickel-metal hydride batteries made by private individuals. Sensitive new energy battery manufacturing enterprises have already begun the layout of a blueprint for the future of nickel-metal hydride batteries.

Yuan and the Hong Kong Branch of the super signed last July to a joint venture agreement to establish a joint venture 50 million yuan in Hunan Branch Pa Power Battery Co., Ltd., in June this year, Corun intended acquisition of 120 million yuan in cash and Chinese Electronic Co., Changsha liability 100% stake. Plans to invest 4.8 million new sets of nickel-hydrogen batteries for automotive energy package, and a relatively large expansion of production capacity, the second phase expansion project is completed the company will have annual output of 60,000 sets of nickel-hydrogen battery vehicle capacity .

Compared with lithium, Ni-MH battery is characterized by high security, not easy to explode.

Guotai Junan Securities Research on alternative energy and Wang Zhen of the judge, with the introduction of the new access system, Ni-MH battery industry is expected to speed, and related businesses due to the current production capacity is limited, the production schedule remains to be seen, but the class of listed companies Early gains have been large, very high valuation on the stock Ni-MH battery companies will be cautious.

"In the lithium iron phosphate battery technology is not mature situations, the Ministry issued new standards for new energy vehicles access to nickel-hydrogen cell vehicles are also welcomed a major development opportunity." Investment Advisor in the new energy automotive industry researcher Li Sheng-mao This told reporters. Recently, the investment adviser's "2009-2012 China Li-ion battery industry, Investment Analysis and Forecast Report," the study shows that 99% of the existing hybrid battery market share for the nickel-hydrogen battery, the representative of a Toyota commercial Prius.

But the objective point of view, Ni-MH battery, there are some "friction elbow" of the Department: refining technology is not mature enough, the cost is too high.

According to the China Electrotechnical Society of electric vehicles IPCC Technical Services Center Director Wang Tianshun, told this reporter 10 years ago, our country began to study the development of electric cars, but has been constrained by technology. Consistency is the biggest problem. Low-power battery pack can be, but as a hybrid, electric vehicle's main energy, must be made of high-power battery pack for the job the greater the power, the greater the difference.

Other Electronics News:

 

+ نوشته شده در سه شنبه سیزدهم اردیبهشت ۱۳۹۰ ساعت 21:26 توسط Ben Kerr  | 

Laptop battery charging and use the correct

Laptop battery charging and use the correct

Got a new battery, many users approach is prompted by businesses for use in the first three rechargeable lithium battery for 12 hours or more. There are many arguments on this line, in fact, most of the batteries for the laptop is not necessary. Why? Businesses say this is the activity in order to fully activate the battery, fully awaken a new battery.

For this reason it sounds very full and credible, but we have not thought about this problem. If, laptop battery manufacturers have not yet been fully activated to appearances, then it can be said that only a semi-finished products. Can not require each user to activate the battery master the skills, in reality, impossible. Thus, in the battery factory has been a manufacturer of fully activated.

Then call the user charge the battery for 12 hours is conducive to the use of it? Here I give a negative answer, the current laptop battery has improved power management circuits, and charge management system, when the battery reaches saturation, the control circuit automatically switches to short-circuit state, so the time just after the waste of time. How to activate the activity of the battery? In fact, the activation of the battery manufacturer for overload protection in case of no longer charging and discharging of the battery. Therefore, the first three charge 12 hours is unnecessary.

In the second, many users use the battery very confused, what should or should not wait until the battery is completely discharged before charging. This problem is actually the answer should be like this, if you can do is certainly a good thing, but only if you took the trouble. Of course, I mentioned here does not mean totally over-discharge, excessive discharge is absolutely proved harmful to the battery, it will shorten the battery life.

So when the laptop battery low prompt when you can charge a timely manner. Some businesses have repeatedly declared their lithium batteries no memory effect, this practice is extremely irresponsible. So when your battery power when there are more, or do not charge as well, because the memory effect does exist.

Third, for how long should the battery need to do, it is recommended into the 40-50% of the electricity, place the shade in the low temperature, the following parameters can explain this problem.

Storage temperature of 40% state of charge of 100% state of charge

{0 degrees 98% (one year later) 94% (one year later)

25 degrees 96% (one year later) 80% (one year later)

[40 degrees 85% (one year later) 65% (one year later)

60 degrees 75% (one year later) 60% (3 months later)

(Percentage of initial value at the time relative to the percentage of saturation),

Of course, take the battery out every month with the best time, the battery can ensure a good state of preservation, but not so for the loss of damage to the battery power completely.

Fourth, the use of laptop computers in the description "should be used one month after the full charge and discharge time" approach is necessary. Notebook computer lithium-ion batteries are generally with management chip and charge control chips. Management chip in which a series of registers, there is capacity, temperature, ID, charge status, and discharge times and other values. These values are in use will gradually change.

Personally, I think, for use in notebook computers in the "use of one month after the full charge-discharge should be a" major role approach is to fix these registers should be properly value, making the battery charge control and battery nominal capacity consistent the actual situation. So this kind of work or can not be omitted, after all, expensive laptop or squeamish of the nobility.

Other Electronics News:

 

+ نوشته شده در دوشنبه پنجم اردیبهشت ۱۳۹۰ ساعت 2:22 توسط Ben Kerr  |